<!-- [if !mso]> <mce:style><!-- v/:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o/:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w/:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} --> <!-- [endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing>7.8 磅</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>ZH-CN</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:SpaceForUL/> <w:BalanceSingleByteDoubleByteWidth/> 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SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/> 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SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" 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各種Crash問題始終幽靈一般地圍繞著C++程序員,,如果只是個指針沒判空,那觀察家也沒什么,可有時程序真是掛得莫名其妙,這不,今天我就被這“死亡之吻”狠狠地吻了一口。程序結(jié)構(gòu)模擬如下圖,
Sign
繼承自
Object
和
Feature,Context
中有一
Feature
的數(shù)組,其中裝的有指向
Sign
的指針
.
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Sign
的申明
像這個樣子:
class
Sign
:
public
Feature,
public
Object
Output
是這樣耿實現(xiàn)的
:
void
Context::Output()
{
for
(
int
iPos
= 0;iPos < m_vFeature.size();++iPos)
{
Object* pObject = (Object*)m_vFeature[iPos]
;
cout<<pObject->ToString()<<endl;
}
}
程序一運行就掛了,當(dāng)然,實際工程中的代碼不像上面這樣直接,那個
Sign
也是歷經(jīng)了幾世幾劫才到了
Output
中的,
m_vFeature
也不是用
STL
的
vector
實現(xiàn)的,而是一個只接收
void*
的數(shù)組。所以錯誤是很承隱蔽的。
Debug,
我頭腦發(fā)暈,眼前直冒金花,好不容易才讓我逮到那個元兇
--
該死的
C
風(fēng)格轉(zhuǎn)型
:
Object* pObject =
(Object*)
m_vFeature[iPos]
問題找到了,改成下面的形式
:
Object* pObject =
dynamic_cast<Object*>((Feature*)
m_vFeature[iPos]);
編譯,運行,
Crash
如愿消失。其實把
Sign
的申明改為
:
class
Sign:
public
Object
,public
Feature.
也可解決問題。
看到這里,大家應(yīng)該都明白到底發(fā)生了,沒明白的可以看圖:
Feature
|
Object
|
Other’s member
|
Sign
在在存入
Context
時轉(zhuǎn)化為
void*
,而要
output
中直接將其拿出來,用
C
風(fēng)格轉(zhuǎn)型轉(zhuǎn)化為
Object
指針,就相當(dāng)于將
Feature
解釋成了
Object
,而如果用
dynamic_cast
編譯器會自動幫我們加上一個
offset
,就沒有這個問題啦。
經(jīng)過這一劫,慘烈地現(xiàn)實又給我好好地上了一課:
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->
1.
<!-- [endif]-->
一個好的設(shè)計真的很重要,其實如果設(shè)計得當(dāng),是不會出現(xiàn)上面的問題的。
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->
2.
<!-- [endif]-->
在使用
C++
時就忘了
C
吧。
模擬程序見附件
:
C風(fēng)格的轉(zhuǎn)型和C++多繼承打架